#FactCheck: Viral Deepfake Video of Modi, Shah, Jaishankar Apologize for Operation Sindoor Blunder

Introduction

In the era of the internet where everything is accessible at your fingertip, a disturbing trend is on the rise- over 90% of websites containing child abuse material now have self-generated images, obtained from victims as young as three years old. A shocking revelation, shared by the (IWF) internet watch foundation, The findings of the IWF have caused concern about the increasing exploitation of children below the age of 10. The alarming trend highlights the increasing exploitation of children under the age of 10, who are coerced, blackmailed, tricked, or groomed into participating in explicit acts online. The IWF's data for 2023 reveals a record-breaking 275,655 websites hosting child sexual abuse material, with 92% of them containing such "self-generated" content.

Disturbing Tactics Shift

Disturbing numbers came that, highlight a distressing truth. In 2023, 275,655 websites were discovered to hold child sexual abuse content, reaching a new record and reflecting an alarming 8% increase over the previous year. What's more concerning is that 92% of these websites had photos or videos generated by the website itself. Surprisingly, 107,615 of these websites had content involving children under the age of ten, with 2,500 explicitly featuring youngsters aged three to six.

Profound worries

Deep concern about the rising incidence of images taken by extortion or coercion from elementary school-aged youngsters. This footage is currently being distributed on very graphic and specialised websites devoted to child sexual assault. The process begins in a child's bedroom with the use of a camera and includes the exchange, dissemination, and gathering of explicit content by devoted and determined persons who engage in sexual exploitation. These criminals are ruthless. The materials are being circulated via mail, instant messaging, chat rooms, and social media platforms, (WhatsApp, Telegram, Skype, etc.) 

Live Streaming of such material involves real-time broadcast which again is a major concern as the nature of the internet is borderless the access to such material is international, national, and regional, which even makes it difficult to get the predators and convict them. With the growth, it has become easy for predators to generate “self-generated “images or videos.

Financial Exploitation in the Shadows: The Alarming Rise of Sextortion

Looking at the statistics globally there have been studies that show an extremely shocking pattern known as “sextortion”, in which adolescents are targeted for extortion and forced to pay money under the threat of exposing images to their families or relatives and friends or on social media. The offender's goal is to obtain sexual gratification.

The financial variation of sextortion takes a darker turn, with criminals luring kids into making sexual content and then extorting them for money. They threaten to reveal the incriminating content unless their cash demands, which are frequently made in the form of gift cards, mobile payment services, wire transfers, or cryptocurrencies, are satisfied. In this situation, the predators are primarily driven by money gain, but the psychological impact on their victims is as terrible. A shocking case was highlighted where an 18-year-old was landed in jail for blackmailing a young girl, sending indecent images and videos to threaten her via Snapchat. The offender was pleaded guilty. 

The Question on Security?

The introduction of end-to-end encryption in platforms like Facebook Messenger has triggered concerns within law enforcement agencies. While enhancing user privacy, critics argue that it may inadvertently facilitate criminal activities, particularly the exploitation of vulnerable individuals. The alignment with other encrypted services is seen as a potential challenge, making it harder to detect and investigate crimes, thus raising questions about finding a balance between privacy and public safety.

One of the major concerns in the online safety of children is the implementation of encryption by asserting that it enhances the security of individuals, particularly children, by safeguarding them from hackers, scammers, and criminals. They underscored their dedication to enforcing safety protocols, such as prohibiting adults from texting teenagers who do not follow them and employing technology to detect and counteract bad conduct.

These distressing revelations highlight the urgent need for comprehensive action to protect our society's most vulnerable citizens i.e., children, youngsters, and adolescents throughout the era of digital progress. As experts and politicians grapple with these troubling trends, the need for action to safeguard kids online becomes increasingly urgent.

Role of Technology in Combating Online Exploitation 

With the rise of technology, there has been a rise in online child abuse, technology also serves as a powerful tool to combat it. The advanced algorithms and use of Artificial intelligence tools can be used to disseminate ‘self-generated’ images. Additional tech companies can collaborate and develop some effective solutions to safeguard every child and individual.  

Role of law enforcement agencies

Child abuse knows no borders, and addressing the issues requires legal intervention at all levels. National, regional, and international law enforcement agencies investigate online child sexual exploitation and abuse and cooperate in the investigation of these cybercrimes, Various investigating agencies need to have mutual legal assistance and extradition, bilateral, and multilateral conventions to conduct to identify, investigate, and prosecute perpetrators of online child sexual exploitation and abuse. Apart from this cooperation between private and government agencies is important, sharing the database of perpetrators can help the agencies to get them caught.

How do you safeguard your children?

Looking at the present scenario it has become a crucial part of protecting and safeguarding our children online against online child abuse here are some practical steps that can help in safeguarding your loved one.

1. Open communication:  Establish open communication with your children, make them feel comfortable, and share your experiences with them, make them understand what good internet surfing is and educate them about the possible risks without generating fear.
2. Teach Online Safety:  educate your children about the importance of privacy and the risks associated with it. Teach them strong privacy habits like not sharing any personal information with a stranger on any social media platform. Teach them to create some unique passwords and to make them aware not to click on any suspicious links or download files from unknown sources. 
3. Set boundaries: As a parent set rules and guidelines for internet usage, set time limits, and monitor their online activities without infringing their privacy. Monitor their social media platforms and discuss inappropriate behaviour or online harassment. As a parent take an interest in your children's online activities, websites, and apps inform them, and teach them online safety measures.

Conclusion

The predominance of self-generated' photos in online child abuse content necessitates immediate attention and coordinated action from governments, technology corporations, and society as a whole. As we negotiate the complicated environment of the digital age, we must be watchful, modify our techniques, and collaborate to defend the innocence of the most vulnerable among us. To combat online child exploitation, we must all work together to build a safer, more secure online environment for children all around the world.

References

• https://www.the420.in/over-90-of-websites-containing-child-abuse-feature-self-generated-images-warns-iwf/
• https://news.sky.com/story/self-generated-images-found-on-92-of-websites-containing-child-sexual-abuse-with-victims-as-young-as-three-13049628
• https://www.firstpost.com/world/russia-rejects-us-proposal-to-resume-talks-on-nuclear-arms-control-13630672.html
• https://www.news4hackers.com/iwf-warns-that-more-than-90-of-websites-contain-self-generated-child-abuse-images/

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Executive Summary:
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A video featuring Sara Netanyahu, wife of Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, is being widely circulated on social media. In the clip, she is seen attending an online meeting and repeatedly closing her eyes. The video is being shared with claims that it is recent and shows her under the influence of drugs. Some posts also suggest that Prime Minister Netanyahu has died. However, research by the CyberPeace found that the claim is misleading. The video is not recent and has been online since 2020.

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Claim:

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Social media users are sharing the video claiming that Sara Netanyahu appeared intoxicated following the alleged death of Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu. The clip is also being falsely presented as a recent development. An X user, Christopher Montgomery (@Montgsignals), shared the video with the caption suggesting that Netanyahu may have died and that his wife appeared in a drug-influenced state during a recent court hearing via Zoom.

• https://x.com/Montgsignals/status/2035318568787603668 
• https://archive.ph/n26WD 

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Fact Check:
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To verify the claim, we first examined reports regarding the alleged death of Benjamin Netanyahu. There is no credible evidence supporting this claim. In fact, on March 20, Netanyahu himself addressed the media and dismissed such rumours, confirming that he is alive.
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• https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/international/surprise-im-alive-netanyahu-shuts-down-death-rumours-in-new-presser-drops-big-iran-war-update/videoshow/129690175.cms 

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We then analyzed the viral video by extracting keyframes and conducting a reverse search. This led us to the same video posted on a Facebook account under the name Roni Schneider Malia on November 4, 2020. The Hebrew caption associated with the post translates to: “Filmed during a psychological conference on Zoom.”

This confirms that the video is old and unrelated to any recent developments.

• https://www.facebook.com/groups/bardugout/permalink/977632529372826/?rdid=WR9d01F4ZMwuM4BB#

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Conclusion:

The viral claim is misleading. The video of Sara Netanyahu is not recent but has been available online since 2020. It is being falsely linked to baseless claims about Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s death

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Digitisation in Agriculture

The traditional way of doing agriculture has undergone massive digitization in recent years, whereby several agricultural processes have been linked to the Internet. This globally prevalent transformation, driven by smart technology, encompasses the use of sensors, IoT devices, and data analytics to optimize and automate labour-intensive farming practices. Smart farmers in the country and abroad now leverage real-time data to monitor soil conditions, weather patterns, and crop health, enabling precise resource management and improved yields. The integration of smart technology in agriculture not only enhances productivity but also promotes sustainable practices by reducing waste and conserving resources. As a result, the agricultural sector is becoming more efficient, resilient, and capable of meeting the growing global demand for food.

Digitisation of Food Supply Chains

There has also been an increase in the digitisation of food supply chains across the globe since it enables both suppliers and consumers to keep track of the stage of food processing from farm to table and ensures the authenticity of the food product. The latest generation of agricultural robots is being tested to minimise human intervention. It is thought that AI-run processes can mitigate labour shortage, improve warehousing and storage and make transportation more efficient by running continuous evaluations and adjusting the conditions real-time while increasing yield. The company Muddy Machines is currently trialling an autonomous asparagus-harvesting robot called Sprout that not only addresses labour shortages but also selectively harvests green asparagus, which traditionally requires careful picking. However, Chris Chavasse, co-founder of Muddy Machines, highlights that hackers and malicious actors could potentially hack into the robot's servers and prevent it from operating by driving it into a ditch or a hedge, thereby impending core crop activities like seeding and harvesting. Hacking agricultural pieces of machinery also implies damaging a farmer’s produce and in turn profitability for the season.

Case Study: Muddy Machines and Cybersecurity Risks

A cyber attack on digitised agricultural processes has a cascading impact on online food supply chains. Risks are non-exhaustive and spill over to poor protection of cargo in transit, increased manufacturing of counterfeit products, manipulation of data, poor warehousing facilities and product-specific fraud, amongst others. Additional impacts on suppliers are also seen, whereby suppliers have supplied the food products but fail to receive their payments. These cyber-threats may include malware(primarily ransomware) that accounts for 38% of attacks, Internet of Things (IoT) attacks that comprise 29%, Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks, SQL Injections, phishing attacks etc. 

Prominent Cyber Attacks and Their Impacts

Ransomware attacks are the most popular form of cyber threats to food supply chains and may include malicious contaminations, deliberate damage and destruction of tangible assets (like infrastructure) or intangible assets (like reputation and brand). In 2017, NotPetya malware disrupted the world’s largest logistics giant Maersk and destroyed all end-user devices in more than 60 countries. Interestingly, NotPetya was also linked to the malfunction of freezers connected to control systems. The attack led to these control systems being compromised, resulting in freezer failures and potential spoilage of food, highlighting the vulnerability of industrial control systems to cyber threats.

Further Case Studies

NotPetya also impacted Mondelez, the maker of Oreos but disrupting its email systems, file access and logistics for weeks. Mondelez’s insurance claim was also denied since NotPetya malware was described as a “war-like” action, falling outside the purview of the insurance coverage. In April 2021, over the Easter weekend, Bakker Logistiek, a logistics company based in the Netherlands that offers air-conditioned warehousing and food transportation for Dutch supermarkets, experienced a ransomware attack. This incident disrupted their supply chain for several days, resulting in empty shelves at Albert Heijn supermarkets, particularly for products such as packed and grated cheese. Despite the severity of the attack, the company successfully restored their operations within a week by utilizing backups. JBS, one of the world’s biggest meat processing companies, also had to pay $11 million in ransom via Bitcoin to resolve a cyber attack in the same year, whereby computer networks at JBS were hacked, temporarily shutting down their operations and endangering consumer data. The disruption threatened food supplies and risked higher food prices for consumers. Additional cascading impacts also include low food security and hindrances in processing payments at retail stores. 

Credible Threat Agents and Their Targets

Any cyber-attack is usually carried out by credible threat agents that can be classified as either internal or external threat agents. Internal threat agents may include contractors, visitors to business sites, former/current employees, and individuals who work for suppliers. External threat agents may include activists, cyber-criminals, terror cells etc. These threat agents target large organisations owing to their larger ransom-paying capacity, but may also target small companies due to their vulnerability and low experience, especially when such companies are migrating from analogous methods to digitised processes.

The Federal Bureau of Investigation warns that the food and agricultural systems are most vulnerable to cyber-security threats during critical planting and harvesting seasons. It noted an increase in cyber-attacks against six agricultural co-operatives in 2021, with ancillary core functions such as food supply and distribution being impacted. Resultantly, cyber-attacks may lead to a mass shortage of food not only meant for human consumption but also for animals.

Policy Recommendations

To safeguard against digital food supply chains, Food defence emerges as one of the top countermeasures to prevent and mitigate the effects of intentional incidents and threats to the food chain. While earlier, food defence vulnerability assessments focused on product adulteration and food fraud, including vulnerability assessments of agriculture technology now be more relevant.  

Food supply organisations must prioritise regular backups of data using air-gapped and password-protected offline copies, and ensure critical data copies are not modifiable or deletable from the main system.  For this, blockchain-based food supply chain solutions may be deployed, which are not only resilient to hacking, but also allow suppliers and even consumers to track produce. Companies like Ripe.io, Walmart Global Tech, Nestle and Wholechain deploy blockchain for food supply management since it provides overall process transparency, improves trust issues in the transactions, enables traceable and tamper-resistant records and allows accessibility and visibility of data provenance. Extensive recovery plans with multiple copies of essential data and servers in secure, physically separated locations, such as hard drives, storage devices, cloud or distributed ledgers should be adopted in addition to deploying operations plans for critical functions in case of system outages. For core processes which are not labour-intensive,  including manual operation methods may be used to reduce digital dependence. Network segmentation, updates or patches for operating systems, software, and firmware are additional steps which can be taken to secure smart agricultural technologies. 

References

1. Muddy Machines website, Accessed 26 July 2024.  https://www.muddymachines.com/ 
2. “Meat giant JBS pays $11m in ransom to resolve cyber-attack”, BBC, 10 June 2021. https://www.bbc.com/news/business-57423008 
3. Marshall, Claire & Prior, Malcolm, “Cyber security: Global food supply chain at risk from malicious hackers.”, BBC, 20 May 2022. https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-61336659 
4. “Ransomware Attacks on Agricultural Cooperatives Potentially Timed to Critical Seasons.”, Private Industry Notification, Federal Bureau of Investigation, 20 April  https://www.ic3.gov/Media/News/2022/220420-2.pdf. 
5. Manning, Louise & Kowalska, Aleksandra. (2023). “The threat of ransomware in the food supply chain: a challenge for food defence”, Trends in Organized Crime. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12117-023-09516-y 
6. “NotPetya: the cyberattack that shook the world”, Economic Times, 5 March 2022. https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/newsletters/ettech-unwrapped/notpetya-the-cyberattack-that-shook-the-world/articleshow/89997076.cms?from=mdr 
7. Abrams, Lawrence, “Dutch supermarkets run out of cheese after ransomware attack.”, Bleeping Computer, 12 April 2021. https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/dutch-supermarkets-run-out-of-cheese-after-ransomware-attack/ 
8. Pandey, Shipra; Gunasekaran, Angappa; Kumar Singh, Rajesh & Kaushik, Anjali, “Cyber security risks in globalised supply chains: conceptual framework”, Journal of Global Operations and Strategic Sourcing, January 2020. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Shipra-Pandey/publication/338668641_Cyber_security_risks_in_globalized_supply_chains_conceptual_framework/links/5e2678ae92851c89c9b5ac66/Cyber-security-risks-in-globalized-supply-chains-conceptual-framework.pdf 
9. Daley, Sam, “Blockchain for Food: 10 examples to know”, Builin, 22 March 2023 https://builtin.com/blockchain/food-safety-supply-chain 

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